Effect of Planting Density on Canopy Structure, Microenvironment, and Yields of Uniformly Sown Winter Wheat

A strong canopy structure is central to maximizing yield. The microenvironment, which related crop growth and development, reflects changes in a crop’s microclimate. In this study, with the uniform sowing of winter wheat (Triticun aestivum L.), five planting densities (in 104 plants·ha−1: 123, 156, 204, 278, 400) were established examine how density affected filling stage spikes, structures, microenvironments, yields, yield components. large-spike Xindong 50 multi-spike Sangtamu 4 varieties used. experiment was conducted over 263 days Xinjiang province, warm continental arid desert-type climate, low precipitation. study aimed determine optimal parameters for cultivation on limited land improve production potential. For both varieties, from anthesis filling, increases associated rapid reduction leaf area index lower middle parts leaves. Canopy temperature CO2 concentration also decreased, whereas relative humidity increased. number grains per spike thousand-grain weight decreased increased density. Yields maximized at 278 × 156 plants·ha−1 large- respectively, indicating that improves plant uniformity, adjusting optimizes microenvironment. Our provides valuable data optimizing ensure high yields.